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Condromalacia rotuliana - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome femororrotuliano; Dolor de rodilla y condromalacia

Definición:

Es el reblandecimiento y descomposición del tejido (cartílago) que recubre por debajo de la rótula.

Es una causa común de dolor anterior de rodilla.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La condromalacia rotuliana se presenta en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.

La afección es más común en las mujeres y puede estar relacionada con la posición anormal de la rodilla.

La rótula reposa sobre la parte frontal de la articulación de la rodilla. A medida que usted dobla o estira su rodilla, la parte inferior de la rótula se desliza sobre los huesos que constituyen dicha rodilla.

Los fuertes tendones ayudan a fijar la rótula a los huesos y músculos que rodean la rodilla. Estos tendones se denominan:

  • El tendón rotuliano (donde la rótula se fija a la tibia)
  • El tendón del cuádriceps (donde los músculos del muslo se fijan a la parte superior de la rótula)

Los problemas comienzan cuando la rótula no se desplaza apropiadamente y se roza contra la parte inferior del fémur. Esto puede suceder debido a que:

  • La rótula está en una posición anormal (también denominado alineamiento deficiente de la articulación femororrotuliana)
  • Hay rigidez o debilidad de los músculos en la parte del frente y de atrás del muslo
  • Usted está realizando demasiada actividad que le agrega tensión extra sobre la rótula (como correr, saltar o girar, practicar esquí y jugar fútbol)
  • Usted tiene pie plano

La condromalacia rotuliana también puede ser un signo de artritis de la rótula, que generalmente se observa en personas de avanzada edad.

Las personas que previamente hayan sufrido una dislocación, una fractura u otra lesión en la rótula son más propensas a desarrollar condromalacia.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/13/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

May TJ. Persistent anterior knee pain. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:277-278.

De Carlo M, Armstrong B. Rehabilitation of the knee following sports injury. Clin Sports Med. 2010;29:81-106.

Steiner T, Parker RD. Patella: subluxation and dislocation. 2. Patellofemoral instability: recurrent dislocation of the patella. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr., Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Dree's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2009:chap 22:sect C.

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