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Nefritis intersticial - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Nefritis tubulointersticial; Nefritis de tipo intersticial; Nefritis intersticial aguda (alérgica)

Definición:

Es un trastorno renal en el cual los espacios entre los túbulos renales resultan hinchados (inflamados). La inflamación puede afectar el funcionamiento de los riñones, incluyendo su capacidad para filtrar los desechos.

Causas:

La nefritis intersticial puede ser temporal ( aguda) o puede ser prolongada ( crónica) y empeorar con el tiempo.

Los siguientes factores pueden causar nefritis intersticial:

  • Reacción alérgica a un fármaco (nefritis alérgica, intersticial y aguda)
  • Nefropatía por analgésicos
  • Uso prolongado de medicamentos como paracetamol (Tylenol), ácido acetilsalicílico y antinflamatorios no esteroides (AINES). Esto se denomina nefropatía por analgésicos.
  • Efectos secundarios de ciertos antibióticos (penicilina, ampicilina, meticilina, sulfamidas y otros)
  • Efectos secundarios de medicamentos como los antinflamatorios no esteroides (AINES), la furosemida y los diuréticos tiazídicos

La forma aguda de la nefritis intersticial es común y es causada con mayor frecuencia por efectos secundarios de ciertos fármacos. Este trastorno puede ser más grave y presenta una mayor probabilidad de producir un daño renal crónico o permanente en personas de edad avanzada.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/9/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Neilson EG. Tubulointerstitial diseases. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 123.
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