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Nefropatía membranosa - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Glomerulonefritis membranosa; GN membranosa; Glomerulonefritis extramembranosa; Glomerulonefritis de tipo membranosa; GNM

Definición:

Es un trastorno renal que involucra cambios e inflamación de las estructuras dentro del riñón que ayudan a filtrar los desechos y los líquidos. La inflamación lleva a que se presenten problemas con la función renal.

Causas:

La nefropatía membranosa es causada por un engrosamiento de parte de la membrana basal glomerular, una parte de los riñones que ayuda a filtrar los desechos y líquidos extra de la sangre. La razón exacta de este engrosamiento se desconoce.

Es una de las causas más comunes del síndrome nefrótico. La afección puede ser una enfermedad renal primaria de origen incierto o puede estar asociada con otros trastornos.

Los siguientes factores incrementan el riesgo para que se presente esta afección:

  • Exposición a toxinas, incluyendo oro y mercurio
  • Uso de ciertos medicamentos, incluyendo penicilamina, trimetadiona y cremas para aclarar la piel
  • Infecciones, incluyendo hepatitis B, malaria, sífilis y endocarditis
  • Cánceres de la sangre, incluyendo linfoma no Hodgkin y leucemia
  • Melanoma, un tipo de cáncer de piel
  • Lupus eritematoso sistémico, artritis reumatoidea, enfermedad de Graves y otros trastornos autoinmunitarios

El trastorno se presenta aproximadamente en 2 de cada 10,000 personas y puede darse a cualquier edad, pero es más común después de los 40 años.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/13/2009
  • Parul Patel, MD, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Affiliated with California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Transplantation, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner: Brenner and Rector's the Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 30.

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