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Rabdomiólisis - Overview

Definición:

Es la descomposición de las fibras musculares que ocasiona la liberación de los contenidos de dichas fibras (mioglobina) en el torrente sanguíneo. Algunas de éstas son tóxicas para el riñón y con frecuencia causan daño renal.

Causas:

Cuando el músculo sufre daño, un pigmento proteínico llamado mioglobina es liberado en el torrente sanguíneo y filtrado fuera del cuerpo por los riñones. La mioglobina se degrada en compuestos potencialmente dañinos y puede bloquear las estructuras del riñón, causando daño como necrosis tubular aguda o insuficiencia renal.

El tejido muscular muerto puede causar el desplazamiento de una gran cantidad de líquido desde la sangre hacia el músculo, reduciendo el volumen de líquido del cuerpo y llevando a un shock y disminución del flujo sanguíneo a los riñones.

Este trastorno puede ser causado por cualquier afección que ocasione daño al músculo esquelético, especialmente traumatismo.

Los factores de riesgo son, entre otros, los siguientes:

  • Reviewed last on: 8/13/2009
  • Parul Patel, MD, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Affiliated with California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Transplantation, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 114.

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