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Glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa - Overview

Nombres alternativos

GN membranoproliferativa I; GN membranoproliferativa II; Glomerulonefritis mesangiocapilar; Glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa; GN membranoproliferativa; Glomerulonefritis lobular; GNMP tipo I; GNMP tipo II

Definición:

Es un trastorno renal que implica inflamación y cambios en la estructura microscópica de las células renales. Dicho trastorno lleva a la alteración del funcionamiento del riñón.

Causas:

La glomerulonefritis es una inflamación de los glomérulos, las estructuras internas del riñón que ayudan a filtrar los desechos y líquidos de la sangre para formar la orina.

La glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa es una forma de glomerulonefritis causada por una respuesta inmunitaria anormal. Depósitos de anticuerpos se acumulan en una parte de los riñones llamada la membrana basal glomerular, la cual ayuda a filtrar los desechos y líquidos adicionales de la sangre.

Los cambios en esta membrana llevan a la interrupción de la capacidad del cuerpo para filtrar la orina. La proteína y el líquido se escapan de los vasos sanguíneos hacia los tejidos corporales, llevando a hinchazón ( edema). Los productos de desecho nitrogenados pueden acumularse en la sangre (azotemia) debido al funcionamiento deficiente del riñón.

Hay dos formas de glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa:

  • Glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa I
  • Glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa II

La mayoría de los casos son del tipo I. La glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa II es mucho menos común y también tiende a empeorar más rápidamente que el tipo I.

Estos trastornos afectan tanto a hombres como a mujeres, sobre todo personas menores de 30 años.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/12/2009
  • Parul Patel, MD, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Affiliated with California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Transplantation, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner: Brenner and Rector's the Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 30.

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