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Síndrome hepatorrenal - Overview

Definición:

Es una afección en la cual hay insuficiencia renal progresiva en una persona con cirrosis hepática. Es una complicación seria y a menudo potencialmente mortal de la cirrosis.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El síndrome hepatorrenal ocurre cuando hay disminución de la función renal en una persona con una enfermedad del hígado. Debido a que se elimina menos orina del cuerpo, los productos de desecho nitrogenados se acumulan en el torrente sanguíneo (azotemia).

El trastorno ocurre hasta en el 10% de los pacientes hospitalizados con insuficiencia hepática. Es causado por los efectos progresivos del daño hepático y lleva a insuficiencia renal en personas con:

Otros factores de riesgo abarcan:

  • Presión arterial que disminuye cuando la persona se levanta o cambia de posición súbitamente (hipotensión ortostática)
  • Uso de diuréticos
  • Sangrado gastrointestinal
  • Infección
  • Punción de líquido abdominal (paracentesis) reciente
  • Reviewed last on: 5/4/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Garcia-Tsao G. Cirrhosis and its sequellae. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 157.

Schuppan D, Afdhal NH. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet. 2008;371:838-851.

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