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Síndrome nefrótico - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Nefrosis

Definición:

Es un grupo de síntomas que comprenden proteína en la orina (más de 3.5 gramos por día), bajos niveles de proteína en la sangre, niveles altos de colesterol y triglicéridos e hinchazón.

Causas:

El síndrome nefrótico es causado por diversos trastornos que producen daño renal, particularmente la membrana basal del glomérulo, lo cual ocasiona de inmediato excreción anormal de proteína en la orina.

La causa más común en los niños es la enfermedad de cambios mínimos, mientras que la glomerulonefritis membranosa es la causa más común en adultos.

Esta afección también puede ocurrir como resultado de una infección (como amigdalitis estreptocócica, hepatitis o mononucleosis), uso de ciertas drogas, cáncer, trastornos genéticos, trastornos inmunitarios o enfermedades que afecten múltiples sistemas corporales, incluyendo diabetes, lupus eritematoso sistémico, mieloma múltiple y amiloidosis.

También puede acompañar trastornos renales, como glomerulonefritis, glomeruloesclerosis segmentaria y focal y glomerulonefritis mesangiocapilar.

El síndrome nefrótico puede afectar a todos los grupos de edades y, en los niños, es más común entre edades de 2 a 6 años. Este trastorno se presenta con una frecuencia ligeramente mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/13/2009
  • Parul Patel, MD, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Affiliated with California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Transplantation, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner: Brenner and Rector's the Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 30.

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