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Hipertensión maligna - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Hipertensión acelerada; Nefroesclerosis arteriolar; Nefroesclerosis de tipo arteriolar; Hipertensión arterial maligna; Tensión arterial alta y maligna

Síntomas:

Pruebas y exámenes:

La hipertensión maligna es una emergencia médica.

Un examen físico con frecuencia muestra:

  • Presión arterial extremadamente alta.
  • Hinchazón en la parte baja de las piernas y pies.
  • Ruidos cardíacos anormales y líquido en los pulmones.
  • Cambios en el estado mental, la sensibilidad, la capacidad muscular y los reflejos.

Un examen de los ojos revelará cambios que indican la presencia de hipertensión arterial, entre ellos:

  • Sangrado de la retina
  • Estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos en el área ocular
  • Hinchazón del nervio óptico
  • Otros problemas con la retina

Se puede presentar insuficiencia renal, al igual que otras complicaciones.

Los exámenes para determinar el daño a los riñones pueden abarcar:

Una radiografía de tórax puede mostrar congestión pulmonar y agrandamiento del corazón.

Esta enfermedad también puede afectar los resultados de los siguientes exámenes:

  • Reviewed last on: 4/1/2011
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Badr KF, Brenner BM. Vascular injury to the kidney. In: Fauci A , Kasper D, Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2008:chap 280.

Shayne P, Stettner E. Hypertension. In: Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, et al, eds. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 89.

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