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Enfermedad renal terminal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Insuficiencia renal terminal; Insuficiencia renal en estado terminal; Nefropatía terminal

Definición:

Es la insuficiencia total o casi total en el funcionamiento de los riñones. La función principal de estos órganos es eliminar desechos y el exceso de agua del cuerpo.

Causas:

La enfermedad renal terminal (ERT) se presenta cuando los riñones ya no pueden funcionar a un nivel necesario para la vida diaria. Generalmente ocurre cuando la enfermedad renal crónica ha empeorado hasta un punto en el cual la función de los riñones es menos del 10% de lo normal.

La enfermedad renal terminal casi siempre sigue a la enfermedad renal crónica. Una persona puede tener empeoramiento gradual de la función renal durante 10 a 20 años o más antes de progresar a enfermedad renal terminal.

Los pacientes que han alcanzado esta etapa necesitan diálisis o trasplante de riñón.

Las causas más comunes de enfermedad renal terminal en los Estados Unidos son diabetes e hipertensión arterial. Ver: enfermedad renal crónica para una lista completa de causas.

Anatomía del riñón

Reviewed last on: 8/31/2010
Charles Silberberg, DO, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology, Affiliated with New York Medical College, Division of Nephrology, Valhalla, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Tolkoff-Rubin N. Treatment of irreversible renal failure. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Goldman: Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 133.

Mitch WE. Chronic kidney disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Goldman: Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 131.

KDOQI. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline and Clinical Practice Recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease: 2007 update of hemoglobin target. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50:471-530.

KDOQI: National Kidney Foundation. II. Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease in adults. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47(5 Suppl 3):S16-S85.

Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;43(5 Suppl 1):S1-S290.

Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC, Johnson DW, Tonelli M, Garg AX, et al. Meta-analysis: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:23-33.

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