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Uropatía obstructiva - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Uropatía de tipo obstructivo

Definición:

Es una afección en la cual el flujo urinario se bloquea, haciendo que éste se represe y lesione uno o ambos riñones.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La uropatía obstructiva se presenta cuando la orina no puede drenar a través de un uréter (conducto que transporta la orina desde los riñones hasta al vejiga). La orina se acumula en el riñón y hace que éste se hinche (hidronefrosis).

La uropatía obstructiva se agrupa dependiendo de si afecta a uno o ambos riñones o si se presenta de manera súbita o prolongada:

Uropatía obstructiva unilateral crónica: uropatía prolongada que afecta a un riñón
Uropatía obstructiva bilateral crónica: uropatía prolongada que afecta a ambos riñones
Uropatía obstructiva unilateral aguda: uropatía súbita que afecta a un riñón
Uropatía obstructiva bilateral aguda: uropatía súbita que afecta a ambos riñones

Las causas comunes de la uropatía obstructiva incluyen las siguientes:

Cálculos de las vías urinarias
- cálculos ureterales
- cálculos vesicales
Tumores de las vías urinarias
Fibrosis retroperitoneal
Hipertrofia prostática benigna (agrandamiento de la próstata)
Tumores de los órganos adyacentes
Cáncer vesical o ureteral
Cáncer de colon
Cáncer cervical
Cáncer uterino
Cualquier cáncer que se disemine
Hidronefrosis idiopática del embarazo

Cateterización de la vejiga en la mujer

Cateterización de la vejiga en el hombre

Tracto urinario femenino

Tracto urinario masculino

Reviewed last on: 3/22/2010
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Scott Miller, MD, Urologist in private practice in Atlanta, Georgia. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Pais VM Jr, Strandhoy JW, Assimos DG. Pathophysiology of urinary tract obstruction. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 37.

Hsu THS, Streem SB, Nakada SY. Management of upper urinary tract obstruction. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 38.

McAninch JW, Santucci RA. Renal and ureteral trauma. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 39.

Frøkiaer J, Zeidel ML. Urinary tract obstruction. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 35.

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