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Diabetes insípida nefrógena - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Diabetes insípida nefrogénica; Diabetes insípida nefrógena adquirida; Diabetes insípida congénita

Definición:

La diabetes insípida es un trastorno en el cual un defecto en los pequeños conductos (túbulos) renales hace que una persona elimine una gran cantidad de orina. Los túbulos permiten que el agua del cuerpo sea eliminada o reabsorbida.

Ver también: diabetes insípida central

Causas:

La diabetes insípida nefrógena ocurre cuando los túbulos renales no responden a un químico en el cuerpo llamado hormona antidiurética (HAD), también denominada vasopresina. La HAD normalmente le ordena a los riñones producir la orina más concentrada.

Como resultado del defecto, los riñones liberan una cantidad excesiva de agua en la orina, produciendo una gran cantidad de orina muy diluida. Esto hace que usted orine demasiado.

La diabetes insípida nefrógena es una afección rara. La diabetes insípida congénita se presenta al nacer como resultado de un defecto hereditario que generalmente afecta a los hombres, aunque las mujeres le pueden transmitir el gen a sus hijos.

Con mayor frecuencia, la diabetes insípida nefrógena se desarrolla debido a otras razones. Esto se denomina trastorno adquirido. Entre los factores que pueden causar la forma adquirida de esta afección están:

  • Obstrucción urinaria
  • Niveles altos de calcio
  • Niveles bajos de potasio
  • Uso de ciertos fármacos (litio, demeclociclina, anfotericina B)
  • Reviewed last on: 6/1/2010
  • Charles Silberberg, DO, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology, Affiliated with New York Medical College, Division of Nephrology, Valhalla, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Verbalis JG. Posterior pituitary. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 243.

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