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Necrosis tubular aguda - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Necrosis renal tubular; necrosis tubular aguda, NTA

Definición:

La necrosis tubular aguda es un trastorno renal que involucra daño a las células de los túbulos renales, ocasionando una insuficiencia renal aguda.

Causas:

La necrosis tubular aguda (NTA) es causada por una falta de oxígeno a los tejidos renales (isquemia de los riñones).

Las estructuras internas del riñón, particularmente los tejidos del túbulo renal, resultan dañados o destruidos. La NTA es uno de los cambios estructurales más comunes que pueden llevar a insuficiencia renal aguda.

La necrosis tubular aguda es una de las causas más comunes de insuficiencia renal en pacientes hospitalizados. Los riesgos son, entre otros:

  • Reacción a transfusión sanguínea
  • Lesión o traumatismo que producen daño a los músculos
  • Cirugía mayor reciente
  • Shock séptico u otras formas de shock
  • Presión arterial baja (hipotensión) severa que dura más de 30 minutos

La enfermedad hepática y el daño causado por la diabetes (nefropatía diabética) pueden hacer a una persona más susceptible a esta afección.

La necrosis tubular aguda puede ser causada por:

  • Exposición a medicamentos nefrotóxicos (como los antibióticos aminoglucósidos)
  • Fármacos antimicóticos (como la anfotericina)
  • El medio de contraste empleado en estudios radiográficos (rayos X)
  • Reviewed last on: 8/13/2009
  • Parul Patel, MD, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Affiliated with California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Transplantation, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2007 Chapter 121

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