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Bacteriuria asintomática - Overview

Definición:

Es la presencia de un número significativo de bacterias en la orina que ocurre sin ninguno de los síntomas usuales como ardor al orinar o micción frecuente.

Es posible que esta afección no necesite tratamiento, lo que la hace diferente de una infección urinaria de tipo bacteriano.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La bacteriuria asintomática se presenta en un pequeño número de personas sanas y afecta más a menudo a las mujeres que a los hombres. Las razones por las cuales no se presentan los síntomas no se comprenden bien.

La mayoría de los pacientes con bacteriuria asintomática no necesitan tratamiento, dado que las bacterias no están causando ningún daño. Las personas con catéteres urinarios a menudo presentarán bacteriuria, pero la mayoría no tendrá síntomas.

Ciertas personas están en mayor riesgo de infecciones renales si desarrollan esta afección. Los siguientes factores aumentan el riesgo:

  • Diabetes
  • Cálculos renales infectados
  • Trasplante de riñón
  • Edad avanzada
  • Embarazo: hasta un 40% de las mujeres embarazadas con bacteriuria asintomática sin tratamiento desarrollará una infección renal
  • Reflujo vesicoureteral en niños pequeños
  • Reviewed last on: 9/17/2010
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital.

Referencias

Lin K, Fajardo K; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults: evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(1):W20-W24.

Smaill F, Vazquez JC. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD000490.

Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(5):643-654.

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