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Pielonefritis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Infección del riñón; Infección complicada de las vías urinarias; Infección renal; Infección urinaria complicada

Definición:

Es una infección del riñón y de los uréteres, los conductos que sacan la orina del riñón.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La pielonefritis se presenta con más frecuencia como resultado de una infección urinaria, particularmente en presencia de reflujo de orina ocasional o persistente de la vejiga hacia los uréteres o un área llamada la pelvis renal. Ver: reflujo vesicoureteral

La pielonefritis puede ser súbita (aguda) o prolongada (crónica).

  • La pielonefritis aguda no complicada es un desarrollo súbito de inflamación renal
  • La pielonefritis crónica es una infección prolongada que no desaparece

La pielonefritis ocurre con mucha menos frecuencia que una infección vesical, aunque un antecedente de dicha infección incrementa su riesgo. Uno tiene mayor riesgo de una infección renal si padece cualquiera de las siguientes afecciones:

Uno también tiene mayor probabilidad de contraer una infección renal si tiene antecedentes de infección urinaria crónica o recurrente, en especial si la infección es provocada por un tipo de bacteria particularmente agresiva.

La pielonefritis aguda puede ser severa en los ancianos y en las personas que se encuentran inmunodeprimidas (por ejemplo, aquellas que tienen cáncer o SIDA).

  • Reviewed last on: 9/18/2008
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Norrby SR. Approach to the patient with urinary tract infection. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 306

Foster RT Sr. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2008 Jun;35(2):235-48, viii.

Pohl A. Modes of administration of antibiotics for symptomatic severe urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD003237.

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