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Cáncer del uréter o pelvis renal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Cáncer de células transicionales de la pelvis renal o del uréter

Definición:

Es un cáncer que se forma en la pelvis renal o en el conducto que lleva la orina del riñón a la vejiga.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El cáncer puede proliferar en el sistema de recolección de orina, pero no es frecuente. Como grupo, los cánceres de la pelvis renal y del uréter no representan más del 5% de todos los cánceres renales y de las vías urinarias altas. Estos tipos de cáncer afectan a los hombres con más frecuencia que a las mujeres y son más comunes en personas mayores de 65 años.

Los tumores de la pelvis renal y del uréter generalmente son cánceres de células transicionales y aproximadamente el 10% son carcinomas escamocelulares.

La causa de este tipo de cáncer no se conoce completamente; sin embargo, la irritación prolongada (crónica) del riñón por parte de sustancias dañinas excretadas en la orina puede ser un factor. Esta irritación puede ser causada por:

  • Nefropatía por analgésicos
  • Exposición a ciertos tintes y químicos utilizados en la fabricación de productos de cuero, textiles, plásticos y caucho
  • Tabaquismo

Los pacientes con antecedentes previos de cáncer vesical también están en riesgo.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/2/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bajorin DF. Tumors of the kidney, bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 207.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Bladder Cancer, including Upper Tract Tumors and Urothelial Carcinoma of the Prostate. v.2.2010.

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