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Anemia aplásica secundaria - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Anemia aplásica adquirida; Anemia aplásica de tipo secundario

Definición:

Es una insuficiencia de la médula ósea para producir suficientes células sanguíneas y todos los tipos de estas células resultan afectados.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La anemia aplásica secundaria es causada por un daño a las células madre de la sangre. Las células madre normales de la sangre se dividen y se transforman en todos los tipos de células sanguíneas, principalmente glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas. Cuando las células madre de la sangre sufren daño, hay una reducción en todos los tipos de células sanguíneas.

Esta afección puede ser causada por:

Ciertos fármacos
Quimioterapia
Trastornos presentes al nacer (trastornos congénitos)
Farmacoterapia para inhibir el sistema inmunitario
Embarazo
Radioterapia
Toxinas como el benceno o el arsénico

Cuando se desconoce la causa, entonces se denomina anemia aplásica idiopática. Aproximadamente en la mitad de los casos, no se puede encontrar ninguna causa.

La enfermedad puede ser aguda o crónica.

Aspiración de médula ósea

Tipos sanguíneos

Reviewed last on: 1/31/2010
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Castro-Malaspina H, O'Reilly RJ. Aplastic anemia and related disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 171.

Young NS, Maciejewski JP. Aplastic anemia. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al., eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 29.

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