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Anemia esferocítica congénita - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Esferocitosis hereditaria; Esferocitosis

Definición:

Es un trastorno de la capa superficial (membrana) de los glóbulos rojos, que lleva a que dichos glóbulos rojos tengan forma de esfera y a que se descompongan en forma prematura ( anemia hemolítica).

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Este trastorno es causado por un gen defectuoso. Este defecto provoca una anomalía en la membrana de los glóbulos rojos. Las células afectadas tienen un área de superficie más pequeña para su volumen que la de los glóbulos rojos normales y se pueden romper fácilmente. Tener antecedentes familiares de esferocitosis aumenta el riesgo de sufrir este trastorno.

La anemia puede variar de leve a grave. En los casos graves, el trastorno se puede encontrar a comienzos de la infancia, mientras que en los casos leves, puede pasar inadvertido hasta la edad adulta.

Este trastorno es más común en las personas que descienden de europeos del norte, aunque se ha encontrado en todas las razas.

  • Reviewed last on: 3/28/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Golan DE. Hemolytic anemias: red cell membrane and metabolic disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 165.

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