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Anemia esferocítica congénita - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Esferocitosis hereditaria; Esferocitosis

Tratamiento:

La cirugía para extirpar el bazo ( esplenectomía) cura la anemia pero no corrige la forma anormal de las células.

Las familias con antecedentes de esferocitosis deben hacer examinar a sus hijos para detectar este trastorno.

Se debe esperar hasta que los niños cumplan 5 años para practicarles la esplenectomía debido al riesgo de infección. En casos leves descubiertos en los adultos, es posible que no sea necesario extirpar el bazo.

A los niños y a los adultos se les debe aplicar una vacuna antineumocócica antes de la cirugía de extirpación del bazo y también pueden recibir suplementos de ácido fólico. Las vacunas adicionales se pueden aconsejar con base en los antecedentes del paciente.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

Por lo regular, el pronóstico es bueno con tratamiento. Después de extirpar el bazo, el período de vida de los glóbulos rojos retorna a la normalidad.

Complicaciones:

  • Cálculos biliares
  • Producción de glóbulos rojos mucho más baja (crisis aplásica) causada por una infección viral, la cual puede empeorar la anemia

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con el médico si los síntomas empeoran, no mejoran con el tratamiento o si se presentan nuevos síntomas.

  • Reviewed last on: 3/28/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Golan DE. Hemolytic anemias: red cell membrane and metabolic disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 165.

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