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Hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna - Overview

Nombres alternativos

HPN

Definición:

Es una rara enfermedad en la cual los glóbulos rojos se descomponen antes de lo normal.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Las personas con esta enfermedad tienen células sanguíneas a las cuales les falta un gen llamado PIG-A. Este gen permite que una sustancia, llamada glicosil-fosfatidilinositol (GPI, por sus siglas en inglés) ayude a que ciertas proteínas se fijen a las células.

Sin el PIG-A, importantes proteínas no pueden conectarse a la superficie de la célula y protegerla de sustancias en la sangre llamadas complemento. Como resultado, los glóbulos rojos se descomponen demasiado temprano. Dichos glóbulos liberan hemoglobina hacia la sangre, la cual puede salir en la orina. Esto puede suceder en cualquier momento, pero es más probable que ocurra en la noche o temprano en la mañana.

La enfermedad puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad y puede llevar a que se presente anemia aplásica, síndrome mielodisplásico o leucemia mielógena aguda.

Los factores de riesgo, excepto una anemia aplásica previa, se desconocen.

  • Reviewed last on: 3/28/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First-of-its-Kind Drug to Treat Rare Blood Disorder. Rockville, MD: National Press Office; March 16, 2007. Release P07-47.

Schwartz RS. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 164.

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