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Hiperviscosidad en los recién nacidos - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Policitemia neonatal

Definición:

Es el retardo y obstrucción del flujo sanguíneo que se presenta cuando hay demasiados glóbulos rojos en la sangre de un bebé.

Causas:

La hiperviscosidad se puede presentar cuando el porcentaje de glóbulos rojos (GR) en la sangre del bebé, llamado el "hematocrito", está por encima de 65%. Esto puede resultar de diversas afecciones que se desarrollan antes del nacimiento, tales como:

  • Anomalías congénitas.
  • Demora en el pinzamiento del cordón umbilical.
  • Diabetes en la madre del bebé.
  • Enfermedades hereditarias.
  • Insuficiencia del oxígeno que llega a los tejidos corporales (hipoxia).
  • Síndrome de transfusión gemelo a gemelo, que ocurre cuando la sangre se pasa de un gemelo al otro.

Los glóbulos rojos adicionales pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo en los capilares más pequeños, lo cual puede llevar a necrosis debido a la falta de oxígeno. Este bloqueo en el flujo sanguíneo puede afectar a todos los órganos, como los riñones, los pulmones y el cerebro.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/17/2011
  • Kimberly G Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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