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Hemofilia B - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad de Christmas; Hemofilia por el factor IX

Definición:

Es un trastorno hemorrágico hereditario causado por una falta del factor IX de coagulación de la sangre. Sin suficiente cantidad de este factor, la sangre no se puede coagular apropiadamente para controlar el sangrado.

Ver también: trastorno de la coagulación

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La hemofilia B es causada por un rasgo hereditario recesivo ligado al cromosoma X, con el gen defectuoso localizado en dicho cromosoma.

Las mujeres tienen dos copias del cromosoma X, de modo que si el gen del factor IX en uno de los cromosomas es defectuoso, el gen en el otro cromosoma puede hacer el trabajo de producir suficiente factor IX.

Los hombres, sin embargo, tienen únicamente un cromosoma X, de tal forma que si el gen del factor IX en ese cromosoma es defectuoso, tendrán hemofilia B. Por esto, la mayoría de las personas con hemofilia B son hombres.

Si una mujer tiene un gen defectuoso del factor IX, se considera una portadora, lo cual significa que puede transmitirles dicho gen defectuoso a sus hijos.

Los niños nacidos de una mujer que porta el gen defectuoso tienen un 50% de probabilidad de desarrollar hemofilia B, mientras que las niñas tienen un 50% de probabilidad de ser portadoras.

Todas las hijas de hombres hemofílicos son portadoras del gen defectuoso.

Los factores de riesgo para la hemofilia B abarcan:

  • Antecedentes familiares de sangrado
  • Ser hombre
  • Reviewed last on: 3/28/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California. 3/28/10Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kessler CM. Hemorrhagic disorders: coagulation factor deficiencies. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 180.
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