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Trombocitemia primaria - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Trombocitemia esencial; Trombocitosis esencial

Tratamiento:

Si un paciente tiene complicaciones potencialmente mortales, un procedimiento para extraer las plaquetas directamente de la sangre (trombocitaféresis) puede disminuir en forma rápida el conteo plaquetario.

El uso prolongado de medicamentos para disminuir el conteo de plaquetas puede reducir tanto el sangrado como las complicaciones de la coagulación. Los medicamentos utilizados con más frecuencia son, entre otros: hidroxicarbamida, interferón-alfa o anagrelide.

En pacientes que están en alto riesgo de coagulación (pacientes mayores, aquéllos con niveles muy altos de plaquetas o que hayan tenido episodios de coagulación en el pasado), el ácido acetilsalicílico (aspirin) en una dosis baja (81 a 100 mg por día) disminuye estos episodios.

Muchos pacientes no necesitan ningún tratamiento; sin embargo, el médico debe vigilar su estado.

Pronóstico:

El desenlace clínico varía. La mayoría de las personas pasan períodos de tiempo prolongados sin complicaciones y tienen una expectativa de vida normal. En una muy pequeña minoría de pacientes, las complicaciones por el sangrado (hemorragia) y los coágulos de sangre (trombosis) pueden causar problemas serios.

En un pequeño número de pacientes, la enfermedad se transformará en leucemia aguda o mielofibrosis.

Posibles complicaciones:

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Consulte con el médico si:

  • Reviewed last on: 2/28/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Finazzi G, Xu M, Barbui T, Hoffman R. Essential thrombocythemia. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr., Shattil SJ, et al, eds. Hoffman Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier;2008:chap 127.

Tefferi A. Myeloproliferative disorders: Essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 177.

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