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Ovalocitosis hereditaria - All Information

Nombres alternativos

Ovalocitosis de tipo hereditario

Definición:

Es una forma de eliptocitosis hereditaria, una afección poco común que se transmite de padres a hijos (hereditaria) y en la cual las células sanguíneas tienen una forma ligeramente ovalada en lugar de ser redondas.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La ovalocitosis se encuentra principalmente en poblaciones del sudeste asiático.

Síntomas:

Los bebés recién nacidos con ovalocitosis pueden padecer anemia e ictericia. Los adultos generalmente no muestran síntomas y se conocen como asintomáticos.

Signos y exámenes:

Una evaluación por parte del médico ocasionalmente puede mostrar un agrandamiento del bazo.

Esta afección se diagnostica examinando la forma de las células sanguíneas bajo un microscopio. Igualmente, se pueden llevar a cabo los siguientes exámenes:

  • Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) para verificar si hay anemia o destrucción de los glóbulos rojos
  • Frotis de sangre para determinar la forma de las células
  • Nivel de bilirrubina (puede estar alto)
  • Nivel de deshidrogenasa láctica (puede estar alto)
  • Ecografía del abdomen (puede mostrar cálculos biliares)

Tratamiento:

En los casos graves, la enfermedad se puede tratar con la extirpación del bazo (esplenectomía).

Complicaciones:

La afección puede estar asociada con cálculos biliares o problemas renales.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/5/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Golan DE. Hemolytic anemias: red cell membrane and metabolic defects. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 165.

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