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Anemia perniciosa - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Anemia aquílica macrocítica; Anemia perniciosa congénita; Anemia perniciosa juvenil; Deficiencia de vitamina B12 (malabsorción)

Tratamiento:

Las inyecciones mensuales de vitamina B12 se prescriben para corregir la deficiencia de dicha vitamina. Esta terapia trata la anemia y puede corregir las complicaciones neurológicas si se toma a tiempo. En las personas con una deficiencia severa, las inyecciones se administran con más frecuencia al principio.

Algunos médicos recomiendan que los pacientes ancianos con atrofia gástrica tomen suplementos orales de vitamina B12 además de las inyecciones mensuales.

También existe una preparación de vitamina B12 que se puede administrar por vía nasal. Para algunas personas, tomar tabletas de vitamina B12 por vía oral en una dosis muy alta puede ser un tratamiento efectivo.

Una dieta bien balanceada es esencial para proporcionar otros elementos, tales como el ácido fólico, el hierro y la vitamina C, para el desarrollo de glóbulos saludables.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El pronóstico generalmente es excelente con el tratamiento.

Cualquier daño a los nervios puede ser permanente, especialmente si el tratamiento no se inicia dentro de los 6 meses desde cuando los síntomas comenzaron.

Complicaciones:

Las personas con anemia perniciosa pueden presentar pólipos gástricos y tienen mayor riesgo de padecer cáncer gástrico y tumores carcinoides gástricos.

Si el tratamiento se demora, los problemas del cerebro y del sistema nervioso (neurológicos) pueden continuar.

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con el médico si se presentan síntomas de deficiencia de vitamina B12.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/1/2010
  • David Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Antony AC. Megaloblastic anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al., eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 39.

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