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Leucemia mielógena crónica (LMC) - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Leucemia granulocítica crónica; LMC; CML; Leucemia crónica granulocítica

Definición:

Es un cáncer que comienza dentro de la médula ósea, el tejido blando en el interior de los huesos que ayuda a formar las células sanguíneas. El cáncer crece a partir de las células que producen los glóbulos blancos.

Ver también:

Causas:

La leucemia mielógena crónica ocurre casi siempre en adultos de mediana edad y en niños.

Generalmente está asociada con una anomalía cromosómica llamada cromosoma Filadelfia.

La exposición a la radiación incrementa el riesgo de sufrir leucemia mielógena crónica. La exposición puede ocurrir a raíz de:

  • Tratamientos con altas dosis de radiación empleados en el pasado para tratar el cáncer de tiroides o el linfoma de Hodgkin.
  • Desastre nuclear.

Pasan muchos años antes de que se presente leucemia a raíz de esta causa. Sin embargo, la gran mayoría de las personas a quienes se les trata un cáncer con radiación no se enferman de leucemia y la mayoría de los pacientes con leucemia mielógena crónica no han estado expuestos a la radiación.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/28/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kantarjian H, O'Brien S. The chronic leukemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 195.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. 2011. Version 2.2011.

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