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Leucemia mielógena crónica (LMC) - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Leucemia granulocítica crónica; LMC; CML; Leucemia crónica granulocítica

Síntomas:

La leucemia mielógena crónica causa un rápido crecimiento de las células hematopoyéticas inmaduras (precursoras mieloides) en la médula ósea, la sangre y los tejidos corporales.

La leucemia mielógena crónica se agrupa en varias fases.

  • Crónica
  • Acelerada
  • Crisis hemoblástica

La fase crónica puede durar meses o años y la enfermedad se puede presentar con pocos síntomas o ser asintomática durante ese tiempo. La mayoría de las personas reciben el diagnóstico durante esta etapa, cuando les están haciendo exámenes de sangre por otras razones.

La fase acelerada es una fase más peligrosa durante la cual las células de la leucemia se multiplican con mayor rapidez. Esta etapa puede estar asociada con fiebre (sin infección), dolor óseo e inflamación del bazo.

Sin tratamiento, la leucemia mielógena crónica progresa a una fase de crisis hemoblástica. Se puede presentar sangrado e infección debido a la insuficiencia de la médula ósea. Entre otros posibles síntomas están:

Pruebas y exámenes:

Un examen físico a menudo revela una inflamación del bazo. Un hemograma o conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) muestra un incremento en el número de glóbulos blancos.

Otros exámenes abarcan:

  • Reviewed last on: 2/28/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kantarjian H, O'Brien S. The chronic leukemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 195.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. 2011. Version 2.2011.

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