A Member of the University of Maryland Medical System   |   In Partnership with the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Share

Email PageEmail Print PagePrint

Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)

Toggle: English / Spanish

Coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Coagulopatía de consumo

Definición:

Es un trastorno grave en el cual las proteínas que controlan la coagulación de la sangre se vuelven anormalmente activas.

Causas:

Normalmente, cuando uno se lesiona, ciertas proteínas en la sangre se activan y viajan al sitio de la lesión para ayudar a detener el sangrado. Sin embargo, en las personas con coagulación intravascular diseminada, estas proteínas se vuelven anormalmente activas. Esto a menudo ocurre debido a inflamación, infección o cáncer.

Se forman pequeños coágulos de sangre en los vasos sanguíneos. Algunos de estos coágulos pueden taponar los vasos y cortar el riego sanguíneo a diversos órganos, como el hígado, el cerebro o el riñón. Estos órganos sufrirán luego daño y pueden dejar de funcionar.

Con el tiempo, las proteínas de la coagulación se consumen o se "agotan". Cuando esto sucede, la persona está entonces en riesgo de sangrado serio, incluso a raíz de una lesión menor o sin lesión. Este proceso también puede desintegrar glóbulos rojos sanos.

Los factores de riesgo para la CID abarcan:

  • Reacción a transfusión de sangre.
  • Cáncer, especialmente ciertos tipos de leucemia.
  • Infección en la sangre por bacterias u hongos.
  • Enfermedad hepática.
  • Complicaciones del embarazo (como la placenta que queda después del parto).
  • Cirugía o anestesia recientes.
  • Sepsis (una infección devastadora).
  • Lesión tisular grave (como en quemaduras y traumatismo craneal).
  • Reviewed last on: 12/28/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Schafer AI. Hemorrhagic disorders: disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver failure, and vitamin K deficiency. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 181.

Liebman HA, Weitz IC. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al., eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 132.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Adam QualityA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Connect with UMMC
Facebook Twitter YouTube Blog iPhone

Please rate the quality of this article.

Do you find this article to be helpful / informative?
              
Poor                                       Excellent

Do you have any brief comments on this page: (up to 255 characters)

© 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved.
UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System,
22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 1-800-735-2258 or 1.866.408.6885