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Mononucleosis - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad del beso

Tratamiento:

El objetivo del tratamiento es aliviar los síntomas. Los medicamentos como los esteroides (prednisona) y antivirales (como el acyclovir) tienen poco o ningún beneficio.

Para aliviar los síntomas típicos:

  • Tome mucho líquido
  • Haga gargarismos con agua caliente con sal para aliviar la irritación de la garganta
  • Descanse muy bien
  • Tome acetaminofeno (paracetamol) o ibuprofeno para el dolor y la fiebre

También debe evitar los deportes de contacto mientras el bazo esté inflamado (para prevenir una ruptura).

Expectativas (pronóstico):

La fiebre normalmente cede en 10 días y tanto la inflamación de ganglios linfáticos como la del bazo se curan en 4 semanas. La fatiga usualmente desaparece en unas cuantas semanas, pero puede persistir por 2 ó 3 meses.

Complicaciones:

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Los síntomas iniciales de la mononucleosis se sienten muy parecidos a los de una enfermedad viral típica y no es necesario contactar al médico, a menos que los síntomas duren más de 10 días o se presenten los siguientes:

  • Dolor abdominal
  • Dificultad para respirar
  • Fiebres altas y persistentes (más de 101.5° F o 38.6º C)
  • Dolor de cabeza fuerte
  • Dolor de garganta severo o inflamación de las amígdalas
  • Debilidad severa en brazos y piernas
  • Coloración amarillenta en ojos y piel

Llame al número local de emergencias (como el 911 en los Estados Unidos) o acuda a una sala de urgencias si presenta:

  • Dolor abdominal agudo, súbito y severo
  • Dificultad significativa para deglutir o respirar
  • Rigidez en el cuello o debilidad severa
  • Reviewed last on: 5/9/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Johannsen EC, Kaye KM. Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus–associated malignant diseases, and other diseases). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 139.

Caserta MT, Flores AR. Pharyngitis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 54.

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