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Botulismo - Symptom

Síntomas:

Los síntomas generalmente aparecen entre 8 y 36 horas después de consumir los alimentos contaminados. No se presenta fiebre con esta infección.

En los adultos, los síntomas pueden abarcar:

  • Cólicos abdominales
  • Dificultad respiratoria que puede llevar a una insuficiencia respiratoria
  • Dificultad al deglutir y al hablar
  • Visión doble
  • Resequedad en la boca
  • Náuseas
  • Ausencia temporal de la respiración
  • Vómitos
  • Debilidad con parálisis (igual en ambos lados del cuerpo)

Los síntomas en bebés pueden abarcar:

  • Estreñimiento
  • Debilidad, pérdida del tono muscular
  • Llanto débil
  • Mala alimentación o succión débil
  • Dificultad respiratoria
  • Lucidez mental a pesar de la debilidad

Pruebas y exámenes:

El médico llevará a cabo un examen físico. Puede haber signos de:

  • Ausencia o disminución de los reflejos tendinosos profundos
  • Ausencia o disminución del reflejo nauseoso
  • Párpado caído
  • Pérdida de la sensibilidad/función muscular
  • Intestino paralizado
  • Problemas del habla
  • Retención de orina con incapacidad para orinar

Se pueden llevar a cabo exámenes de sangre para identificar la toxina y también se puede ordenar un coprocultivo. Asimismo, se pueden hacer pruebas de laboratorio en los alimentos implicados para confirmar el botulismo.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/28/2009
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bartlett JG. Clostridial infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 319.

Bleck TP. Clostridium botulinum (Botulism). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2005: chap 243.

Long SS. Clostridium botulinum (Botulism). In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008: chap 189.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses: a primer for physicians and other health care professionals. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004;53(RR-4):1-33.

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