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Botulismo - Treatment

Tratamiento:

Se administra la antitoxina botulínica.

La dificultad respiratoria exige hospitalización. El equipo médico despejará las vías respiratorias y brindará tratamiento complementario. Se puede insertar una sonda a través de la nariz o la boca dentro de la tráquea con el fin de suministrar una vía aérea para el oxígeno. Asimismo, se puede necesitar un respirador.

Los líquidos intravenosos pueden administrarse cuando el paciente tenga dificultades para tragar. Igualmente, se puede insertar una sonda de alimentación en la nariz.

Los médicos notifican los casos de botulismo ante las autoridades estatales de salud o a los Centros de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC ), de tal manera que se puedan retirar los alimentos contaminados de las tiendas. A menudo, se administran antibióticos, pero no se ha demostrado que sean siempre benéficos.

Pronóstico:

El tratamiento oportuno reduce significativamente los riesgos de muerte.

Posibles complicaciones:

Infección y neumonía por aspiración
Debilidad prolongada
Problemas del sistema nervioso hasta por un año
Dificultad respiratoria

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Llame al número local de emergencias (como el 911 en los Estados Unidos) o acuda al servicio de urgencias si sospecha de botulismo.

Bacterias

Reviewed last on: 8/28/2009
Linda Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bartlett JG. Clostridial infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 319.

Bleck TP. Clostridium botulinum (Botulism). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2005: chap 243.

Long SS. Clostridium botulinum (Botulism). In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008: chap 189.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses: a primer for physicians and other health care professionals. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004;53(RR-4):1-33.

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