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Actinomicosis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Mandíbula hinchada o abultada

Definición:

Es una infección bacteriana prolongada (crónica) que comúnmente afecta la cara y el cuello.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La actinomicosis usualmente es causada por una bacteria anaerobia, llamada Actinomyces israelii, la cual es un organismo común, que normalmente no causa enfermedad (no patógeno) y que se encuentra en la nariz y en la garganta.

Dada la localización normal de la bacteria en la nariz y en la garganta, la actinomicosis aparece más comúnmente en la cara y el cuello. Sin embargo, la infección algunas veces puede darse en el tórax (actinomicosis pulmonar), el abdomen, la pelvis u otras áreas del cuerpo. La infección no es contagiosa.

Los síntomas ocurren cuando la bacteria entra en los tejidos faciales después de un traumatismo, cirugía o infección. Un desencadenante común es el absceso dental o la cirugía oral. La infección también se ha observado en algunas mujeres que han tenido un dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) para prevenir el embarazo.

Una vez en el tejido, forma un absceso, produciendo una protuberancia dura de color rojo intenso a rojo púrpura, a menudo en la mandíbula, de donde proviene su nombre común de "mandíbula abultada".

Finalmente, el absceso irrumpe a través de la superficie de la piel para producir un conducto sinusal que drena.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/1/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Brook I. Actinomycosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 350.

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