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Infección por VIH - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Infección producida por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana

Prevención:

  • Evite inyectarse drogas ilícitas. Si las usa, evite compartir agujas o jeringas y siempre utilice agujas nuevas (hervir o limpiar estos elementos con alcohol no garantiza que sean estériles y seguros).
  • Evite el contacto oral, vaginal o anal con el semen de personas infectadas con VIH.
  • Evite las relaciones sexuales de tipo anal sin la debida protección, puesto que se producen pequeños desgarros en los tejidos del recto, a través de los cuales el VIH que se encuentra en el semen del compañero sexual infectado puede ingresar directamente a la sangre del otro compañero.
  • Utilice siempre condones si tiene relaciones sexuales con personas usuarias de drogas inyectadas.
  • Utilice siempre condones si tiene contacto sexual con muchas personas o con personas que tienen múltiples compañeros sexuales.
  • Las personas con SIDA o aquéllas que han tenido pruebas positivas para anticuerpos anti-VIH pueden transmitir la enfermedad a otras personas, por lo cual no deben donar sangre, plasma, órganos del cuerpo ni espermatozoides. Igualmente, tampoco deben intercambiar fluidos genitales durante la actividad sexual.
  • Los comportamientos sexuales seguros pueden reducir el riesgo de adquirir la infección, aunque existe el riesgo de adquirirla, aun si se practican las "relaciones sexuales con precaución" con el uso de condones. La abstinencia es la única manera segura de prevenir la transmisión sexual del virus.
  • Utilice siempre protección al tener contacto sexual con personas de las cuales se sabe o se sospecha que están infectados por el VIH. Mejor aun, use protección para TODO contacto sexual.
  • Reviewed last on: 6/9/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Piot P. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A global overview. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 407.

Del Rio C, Curran JW. Epidemiology and prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 118.

Sterling TR, Chaisson RE. General clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection (including the acute retroviral syndrome and oral, cutaenous, renal, ocular, metabolic, and cardiac diseases. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 121.

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