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Epiglotitis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Supraglotitis

Definición:

Es la inflamación del tejido que cubre la tráquea. Es una enfermedad potencialmente mortal.

Ver también el artículo sobre crup.

Causas:

La epiglotis es un pedazo de tejido rígido pero flexible (llamado cartílago) ubicado en la parte posterior de la lengua. Ésta cierra la tráquea cuando usted traga para que el alimento no ingrese a las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a prevenir la tos o la asfixia después de tragar.

La inflamación de la epiglotis generalmente es causada por las bacterias Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae). También puede ser ocasionada por otras bacterias o virus relacionados con infecciones de las vías respiratorias altas.

La epiglotitis ahora es muy poco frecuente, debido a que la vacuna contra el Haemophilus influenzae tipo B (Hib) es una de las vacunas rutinarias en la infancia. La enfermedad alguna vez se observó sobre todo en niños entre los 2 y 6 años de edad. En raras ocasiones, la epiglotitis puede ocurrir en adultos.

  • Reviewed last on: 4/18/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Manno M. Pediatric respiratory emergencies: Upper airway obstruction and infections. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 166.

Burns JE, Hendley JO. Epiglottitis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 59.

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