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Herpes labial - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Ampollas febriles; Herpes simple oral; Calenturas; Herpes febril

Definición:

Es una infección de los labios, la boca o las encías con el virus del herpes simple. Esta infección lleva al desarrollo de ampollas pequeñas y dolorosas comúnmente llamadas calenturas o herpes febril.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El herpes labial es una enfermedad común, causada por la infección del área bucal con el virus del herpes simple tipo 1. La mayoría de los estadounidenses están infectados con este tipo de virus hacia la edad de 20 años.

La infección inicial puede ser asintomática o causar únicamente úlceras bucales. El virus luego permanece inactivo (dormido) en el tejido nervioso de la cara. En algunas personas, el virus se reactiva y produce herpes febril recurrente que generalmente está en la misma área, pero no es grave.

El virus del herpes tipo 2, que generalmente causa el herpes genital y puede infectar a bebés durante el nacimiento de madres infectadas, también puede causar herpes labial.

Los virus del herpes son contagiosos. La diseminación puede ocurrir a través del contacto íntimo o personal o a través del contacto con cuchillas de afeitar, toallas, platos contaminados y otros artículos que se comparten. Ocasionalmente, el contacto orogenital puede diseminar el herpes oral a los genitales y viceversa.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/7/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Haile-Mariam T, Polis MA. Viral illnesses. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 128.

Habif TP. Warts, herpes simplex, and other viral infections. In: Habif TP, ed. Clinical Dermatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009: chap 12.

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