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Meningitis por H. influenzae - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Meningitis causada por H. influenzae; Meningitis por la bacteria H. influenzae

Tratamiento:

El tratamiento con antibióticos se debe iniciar lo más pronto posible. La ceftriaxona es uno de los más comúnmente utilizados.

Si el antibiótico no está funcionando y el médico sospecha que hay resistencia a éste, se puede utilizar el cloranfenicol con ampicilina. Algunas veces, se pueden utilizar corticoesteroides, especialmente en niños.

A las personas no vacunadas que están en contacto muy cercano con alguien que padece meningitis por H. influenzae se les deben suministrar antibióticos para prevenir la infección. Estas personas abarcan:

  • Miembros de la familia
  • Compañeros de dormitorios
  • Aquéllas que entren en contacto cercano con una persona infectada

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El tratamiento oportuno mejora el pronóstico; sin embargo, del 3 al 5% de los pacientes no sobreviven. Los niños pequeños y las personas adultas mayores de 50 años tienen el mayor riesgo de muerte.

Complicaciones:

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Acuda a la sala de urgencias o llame al número local de emergencias (como el 911 en los Estados Unidos) si sospecha meningitis en un niño que tenga los siguientes síntomas:

  • Dificultades para alimentarse
  • Llanto chillón
  • Irritabilidad
  • Fiebre persistente e inexplicable

Llame al número local de emergencias si presenta cualquiera de los síntomas graves que aparecen en la lista de arriba. La meningitis puede convertirse de manera rápida en una afección potencialmente mortal.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/15/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Swartz MN. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 437.

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