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Gangrena gaseosa - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Infección tisular por clostridio; Infección de los tejidos por clostridio; Mionecrosis

Definición:

Es una forma de necrosis (gangrena) potencialmente mortal.

Ver también: infección subcutánea necrosante

Causas:

La gangrena gaseosa, una afección poco común en los Estados Unidos, es causada con mayor frecuencia por una bacteria llamada Clostridium perfringens. Sin embargo, también puede ser causada por los estreptococos del grupo A. El Staphylococcus aureus y el Vibrio vulnificus pueden causar infecciones similares.

El clostridio está presente en la mayoría de los ambientes. A medida que la bacteria se multiplica, puede producir gases en los tejidos corporales y muchas toxinas diferentes que pueden dañar los tejidos. Bajo condiciones de poco oxígeno ( anaerobios), el clostridio produce toxinas que causan necrosis y síntomas conexos.

Generalmente, la gangrena gaseosa se presenta en el sitio de un traumatismo o una herida quirúrgica reciente y su aparición es súbita e inesperada. Aproximadamente 1 en 5 casos ocurre sin un evento irritante. Los pacientes que desarrollan la enfermedad de esta manera a menudo tienen una enfermedad vascular subyacente (ateroesclerosis o endurecimiento de las arterias), diabetes o cáncer de colon.

Las bacterias clostridio producen muchas toxinas diferentes, cuatro de las cuales (alfa, beta, épsilon, iota) pueden causar síndromes potencialmente mortales. Además, causan daño a los tejidos, células y vasos sanguíneos.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/1/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bartlett JG. Clostridial infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 319.

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