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Ascariasis - Overview

Definición:

Es una infección causada por el parásito nematelminto Ascaris lumbricoides.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La ascariasis es causada por consumir alimentos o bebidas contaminados con huevos de áscaris y es la más común de las infecciones por lombrices intestinales. Se encuentra asociada con una higiene personal deficiente, condiciones sanitarias precarias y lugares en los que se utilizan heces humanas como fertilizante.

Una vez consumidos, los huevos se incuban y liberan áscaris inmaduros llamados larvas dentro del intestino delgado. Al cabo de unos días, las larvas migran luego a través del torrente sanguíneo hasta los pulmones, suben a través de las vías respiratorias grandes de estos órganos, son ingeridas de nuevo hacia el estómago y llegan al intestino delgado.

Durante la migración a través de los pulmones, las larvas pueden producir una forma rara de neumonía llamada eosinofílica. Una vez de vuelta en el intestino delgado, las larvas maduran hasta convertirse en áscaris adultos. Las lombrices adultas habitan en el intestino delgado donde depositan huevos que están presentes en las heces. Pueden vivir de 10 a 24 meses.

Se estima que hay mil millones de personas infectadas en todo el mundo. Si bien la ascariasis se presenta en todas las edades, los niños parecen resultar afectados con mayor intensidad que los adultos.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/10/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kazura JW. Nematode infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 378.

Maguire JH. Intestinal nematodes (roundworms). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolan R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Orlando, FL. Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 287.

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