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Larva migratoria visceral - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Toxocariasis; Toxocarosis visceral; Toxocarosis ocular (larva migratoria ocular)

Definición:

Es una infección con ciertos parásitos que se encuentran en los intestinos de perros y gatos.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La larva migratoria visceral es causada por gusanos (parásitos) que infectan los intestinos de perros y gatos. El parásito del perro se denomina Toxocara canis y el del gato Toxocara cati.

Los huevos producidos por los gusanos son dejados en las heces de estos animales, las cuales se mezclan con la tierra, permitiendo que la infección se propague a los humanos. Las personas se pueden enfermar si comen alimentos cultivados en tierra infectada. Las personas también pueden resultar infectadas por comer hígado crudo.

Los niños pequeños con pica (un trastorno que implica consumir cosas no comestibles como tierra o pintura) tienen el más alto riesgo, aunque esta infección también puede ocurrir en adultos. Se han presentado brotes en los Estados Unidos en niños que juegan en áreas con suelo contaminado por heces de perro o gato.

Después de que una persona ingiere tierra contaminada, los huevos del gusano eclosionan dentro del tracto gastrointestinal y son llevados por todo el cuerpo a diversos órganos, como los pulmones, el hígado y los ojos. El cerebro, el corazón y otros órganos también pueden resultar afectados.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/10/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kazura JW. Nematode infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 378.

Nash TE. Visceral larvae migrans and other unusual helminth infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolan R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Orlando, FL: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 291.

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