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Amigdalitis estreptocócica - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Faringitis estreptocócica; Faringitis por estreptococos

Tratamiento:

La mayoría de los dolores de garganta son causados por virus y no por bacterias relacionadas con estreptococos. Los estreptococos no se pueden diagnosticar con precisión por los síntomas o un examen físico solo. Muchas de las otras causas de dolor de garganta pueden tener los mismos síntomas.

Los dolores de garganta sólo deben tratarse con antibióticos si la prueba para estreptococos es positiva. Los antibióticos se toman para prevenir problemas de salud infrecuentes pero más serios, como la fiebre reumática.

Generalmente primero se ensaya con penicilina o amoxicilina. Los antibióticos se deben tomar durante 10 días, aunque los síntomas por lo regular desaparecen después de unos pocos días.

Los siguientes consejos pueden ayudar a mejorar los dolores de garganta:

  • Beber líquidos calientes, como té con miel o limón.
  • Hacer gárgaras varias veces al día con agua tibia con sal (½ cucharadita de sal en 1 taza de agua).
  • Beber líquidos fríos o chupar paletas de helado.
  • Chupar dulces duros o pastillas para la garganta. Estos productos no deben administrarse a los niños pequeños porque se pueden ahogar.
  • Un vaporizador de aire fresco o un humidificador puede humectar y aliviar una garganta seca y dolorosa.
  • Ensayar con analgésicos de venta libre, como el paracetamol.

Pronóstico:

Los síntomas de la amigdalitis estreptocócica por lo general mejoran en aproximadamente una semana. Sin tratamiento, el estreptococo puede llevar a complicaciones graves.

Posibles complicaciones:

En raras ocasiones, la amigdalitis estreptocócica puede llevar a fiebre reumática si no se trata. Igualmente puede provocar una rara complicación renal llamada glomerulonefritis posestreptocócica.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Consulte si presenta síntomas de amigdalitis estreptocócica. Asimismo, consulte si está recibiendo tratamiento para amigdalitis estreptocócica y no se está sintiendo mejor al cabo de 24 a 48 horas.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/31/2011
  • A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, and David R. Eltz. Previously reviewed by Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine (2/12/2011).

Referencias

Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB, et al. Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute Streptococcal pharyngitis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation. 2009 Mar 24;119(11):1541-51.

Chan TV. The Patient with Sore Throat. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;94(5):923-43.

Shaikh N, Leonard E, Martin JM. Prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis andstreptococcal carriage in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2010 Sep;126(3):e557-64.

Del Mar C, Glasziou PP, Spinks A. Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD000023.

Altamimi S, Khalil A, Khalaiwi KA, Milner R, Pusic MV, Al Othman MA. Short versus standard duration antibiotic therapy for acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004872.

This article uses information by permission from Alan Greene, M.D., © Greene Ink, Inc.

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