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Gonococemia diseminada - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Bacteriemia gonocócica

Tratamiento:

Existen dos objetivos en el tratamiento de una enfermedad de transmisión sexual; especialmente, si se trata de una enfermedad que se propaga tan fácilmente, como la gonorrea. El primero es curar la infección en el paciente y el segundo localizar y examinar a todas las otras personas con las cuales el paciente tuvo contacto y tratarlas para evitar una mayor diseminación de la enfermedad.

Anteriormente, se solía administrar penicilina a pacientes con gonorrea, pero algunos tipos de las bacterias de la gonorrea ya no responden a la droga. Esto se denomina resistencia antibiótica. Dicha resistencia a los antibióticos es una gran amenaza para la salud pública en la cual no se pueden destruir las bacterias con los medicamentos antibióticos usuales.

La bacteria responsable de la gonorrea está logrando una resistencia cada vez mayor a otro tipo de antibióticos llamado fluoroquinolonas que abarcan ciprofloxacina, ofloxacina o levofloxacina. Los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de los Estados Unidos ahora desaconsejan utilizar estos medicamentos para tratar la gonorrea.

La gonorrea ahora se trata con antibióticos potentes, llamados cefalosporinas, como ceftriaxona (Rocephin). En el caso de la gonococemia, el tratamiento por lo general se administra primero a través de una vía intravenosa, en vez de hacerlo por vía oral. Dado que la clamidia frecuentemente ocurre junto con la gonorrea, el tratamiento para la primera a menudo se administra al mismo tiempo.

Es muy importante que el paciente tenga una visita de control después del tratamiento para revisar de nuevo los exámenes de laboratorio y constatar que la infección esté curada.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

Con el tratamiento apropiado, se espera que el resultado sea bueno. Cuando el tratamiento se demora, hay una mayor probabilidad de sufrir complicaciones.

Complicaciones:

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con el médico si tiene síntomas de gonococemia diseminada.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/29/2008
  • A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, Greg Juhn, MTPW, David R. Eltz. Previously reviewed by Cyrus Badshah, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; Assistant Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & Medical Director, Chest (TB)Clinic and Directly Observed Therapy Program, Harlem Hospital Center. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network (6/22/2007).

Referencias

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update to CDC's Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2006: Fluoroquinolones No Longer Recommended for Treatment of Gonococcal Infections. MMWR. 2007; 56(14);332-336.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Gonorrhea: Recommendation Statement. Am Fam Physician. Nov. 1, 2005; 72(9); 1783-1786.

Cohen J, Powderly WG. Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2004:2173-2186.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2004. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, September 2005.

Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W. Sexually transmitted disease among American youth: Incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004; 36: 6-10.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002. MMWR. 2002;51(no. RR-6).

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