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Peritonitis secundaria - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Peritonitis de tipo secundario

Definición:

Es una inflamación del peritoneo, el tejido delgado que recubre la pared interna del abdomen y cubre la mayoría de los órganos abdominales.

Secundario significa que se debe a otra afección, más comúnmente la diseminación de una infección desde el tubo digestivo.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La peritonitis secundaria tiene algunas causas principales. Las bacterias pueden ingresar al peritoneo a través de un orificio (perforación) en el tubo digestivo. Dicho orificio puede ser causado por un apéndice perforado, una úlcera estomacal, un colon perforado o una lesión, como una herida por arma de fuego o una herida con cuchillo.

La peritonitis secundaria también puede ocurrir cuando la bilis o los químicos secretados por el páncreas (enzimas pancreáticas) se filtran hacia el revestimiento de la cavidad abdominal.

Los contaminantes extraños también pueden causar peritonitis secundaria si penetran en la cavidad peritoneal, lo cual puede ocurrir durante el uso de catéteres para diálisis peritoneal o sondas de alimentación.

La inflamación de la cavidad peritoneal causada por bacterias puede ocasionar infección del torrente sanguíneo (sepsis) y enfermedad grave.

La peritonitis secundaria también puede afectar a los bebés prematuros que tengan enterocolitis necrosante.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/28/2010
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Turnage RH, Richardson KA, Li BD, McDonald JC. Abdominal wall, umbilicus, peritoneum, mesenteries, omentum, and retroperitoneum. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2008:chap 43.

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