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Fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Fiebre maculosa

Definición:

Es una enfermedad provocada por un tipo de bacterias transportadas por garrapatas.

Causas:

La fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas es causada por la Rickettsia rickettsii (R. Rickettsii), que es transportada por garrapatas. La bacteria se disemina a los humanos a través de una picadura de estos insectos.

En el oeste de los Estados Unidos, la bacteria es transportada por la garrapata Dermacentor andersoni, y en el este, por la garrapata Dermacentor variabilis. Otras garrapatas diseminan la infección en el sur de los Estados Unidos, al igual que en Centro y Suramérica.

Contrario al nombre de "Montañas Rocosas", los casos más recientes han sido notificados en el este de los Estados Unidos, incluyendo los estados de Carolina del Norte y del Sur, Virginia, Maryland, Georgia, Tennessee y Oklahoma. La mayoría de los casos se presenta en la primavera y en el verano. Aproximadamente 2,300 casos se reportaron en el 2006 y la mayoría de ellos han sido en niños.

Los factores de riesgo comprenden caminatas o exposiciones recientes a las garrapatas en un área en donde se sabe que se presenta la enfermedad. Es improbable que la bacteria se le transmita a una persona por parte de una garrapata que esté adherida por menos de 20 horas. Sólo alrededor de una de cada 1,000 garrapatas Dermacentor andersoni y Dermacentor variabilis porta la bacteria. Las bacterias también pueden infectar a las personas que aplastan las garrapatas que le han quitado a las mascotas con sus dedos sin guantes.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/9/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Mediicne, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Raoult D. Rickettsioses. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 348.

Walker DH. Rickettsia rickettsii and other spotted fever group rickettsiae (rocky mountain spotted fever and other spotted fevers). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 187.

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