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Citomegalovirus en huésped inmunodeficiente - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Citomegalovirus en huésped inmunocomprometido

Definición:

El citomegalovirus (CMV) es un miembro de un grupo de virus tipo herpes que puede causar enfermedad en diferentes partes del cuerpo en las personas. Este artículo aborda el CMV en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La mayoría de los seres humanos están expuestos al citomegalovirus a lo largo de su vida, pero normalmente sólo las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados se enferman por infección con CMV. Generalmente, el CMV es asintomático. Sin embargo, pueden presentarse infecciones graves por CMV en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido a SIDA, transplantes de órganos, transplante de médula ósea, quimioterapia o medicamentos que inhiben el sistema inmunitario.

Una infección por CMV puede afectar partes diferentes del cuerpo. Las infecciones abarcan:

Una vez que la persona está infectada, el virus permanece vivo, pero por lo general inactivo dentro de su cuerpo de por vida. Muy rara vez causa enfermedad recurrente, a menos que el sistema inmunitario de la persona sea inhibido debido a medicamentos o enfermedad. Por lo tanto, la infección por CMV no es un problema serio para la gran mayoría de las personas.

La infección primaria por CMV en mujeres embarazadas puede ocasionar daño al feto en desarrollo. Ver: citomegalovirus congénito

  • Reviewed last on: 12/1/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Drew WL. Cytomegalovirus. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 399.

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