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Gastroenteritis/colitis por CMV - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Colitis por citomegalovirus; Gastroenteritis por citomegalovirus; Enfermedad gastrointestinal por CMV

Definición:

Es una inflamación del estómago o del intestino debido a una infección por citomegalovirus (CMV).

Ver también:

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El citomegalovirus (CMV) es un virus del tipo herpes relacionado con el virus que causa la varicela. La infección por CMV es muy común.

La infección se propaga por medio de la saliva, la orina, las gotitas respiratorias, el contacto sexual y las transfusiones sanguíneas. La mayoría de las personas están expuestas al virus a lo largo de sus vidas, pero normalmente produce síntomas leves o no produce ningún síntoma en personas saludables.

Sin embargo, se pueden presentar infecciones serias por CMV en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, como los pacientes que reciben quimioterapia para el tratamiento del cáncer y los pacientes que reciben medicamentos inmunodepresores después de un trasplante de órganos.

En casos raros, se ha informado de infección por CMV más severa que compromete el tubo digestivo en personas con sistemas inmunitarios sanos. Cuando la colitis por CMV ocurre en alguien con un sistema inmunitario normal, la persona típicamente tiene otras afecciones médicas serias como lesión severa, insuficiencia renal o infección.

Los siguientes factores aumentan el riesgo de gastroenteritis/colitis por CMV:

  • SIDA
  • Trasplante de órganos o de médula ósea
  • Quimioterapia
  • Medicamentos que inhiben el sistema inmunitario
  • Reviewed last on: 4/18/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; George F Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Young JH, Weisdorf DJ. Infections in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 311.

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