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Otitis externa maligna - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Osteomielitis del cráneo; Otitis maligna externa

Tratamiento:

El objetivo del tratamiento es curar la infección. Dicho tratamiento con frecuencia dura varios meses, debido a que es difícil tratar las bacterias y llegar a la infección en el tejido óseo.

Se administran antibióticos efectivos contra el microorganismo por períodos prolongados, ya sea por vía intravenosa o por vía oral. La terapia con antibióticos debe continuar hasta que una gammagrafía u otros exámenes muestren una disminución en la inflamación.

En algunas ocasiones, se necesita cirugía para extirpar el tejido muerto o dañado (desbridamiento quirúrgico) en el cráneo.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

La otitis externa maligna por lo general responde al tratamiento prolongado, pero puede presentarse de nuevo en el futuro. Los casos severos pueden ser mortales.

Complicaciones:

  • Daño a los pares craneales, al cráneo o al cerebro
  • Reaparición de la infección, aun después del tratamiento
  • Diseminación de la infección al cerebro u otras partes del cuerpo

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Solicite una cita con el médico si:

  • Desarrolla síntomas de otitis externa maligna
  • Los síntomas continúan a pesar del tratamiento
  • Se presentan nuevos síntomas

Acuda a la sala de urgencias o llame al número local de emergencias (como el 911 en los Estados Unidos) si presenta:

  • Reviewed last on: 8/3/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Guss J, Ruckenstein MJ. Infections of the external ear. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 137.

Pfaff JA, Moore GP. Otolaryngology. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 70.

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