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Disfunción del nervio mediano distal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Neuropatía del nervio mediano distal

Definición:

Es una forma de neuropatía periférica que afecta el movimiento o sensibilidad de las manos.

Un tipo común de disfunción del nervio mediano distal es el síndrome del túnel carpiano.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La disfunción de un solo grupo de nervios, como el nervio mediano distal, se denomina mononeuropatía, que significa que hay una causa local de daño al nervio, aunque ocasionalmente los trastornos sistémicos (en todo el cuerpo) pueden ocasionar daño al nervio en forma aislada.

La disfunción del nervio mediano distal se presenta cuando el nervio está inflamado, atrapado o lesionado por un traumatismo. La razón más común es el atrapamiento, el cual ejerce presión sobre el nervio donde éste pasa a través de un área estrecha. Las fracturas de muñeca pueden lesionar el nervio mediano directamente o pueden incrementar el riesgo de atrapamiento de un nervio posteriormente.

La inflamación de los tendones (tendinitis) o de las articulaciones (artritis) también puede causar compresión de los nervios.

Las enfermedades que afectan el tejido conectivo o que causan la formación de depósitos en los tejidos pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo y llevar a compresión de los nervios. Tales afecciones abarcan:

En algunos casos, no se puede identificar ninguna causa.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/27/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Jarvik JG, Comstock BA, Kliot M, et al. Surgery versus non-surgical therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized parallel-group trial. Lancet.2009 Sep 26;374(9695):1074-81.

Zhao M, Burke D. Median neuropathy (carpal tunnel syndrome). In: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 32.

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