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Convulsión tonicoclónica generalizada - All Information

Nombres alternativos

Convulsión tónico-clónica; Convulsión de tipo gran mal; Crisis de gran mal; Convulsión generalizada

Definición:

Es una convulsión o crisis epiléptica que compromete todo el cuerpo. Los términos "crisis epiléptica", "convulsión" o "epilepsia" casi siempre están asociados con convulsiones tonicoclónicas generalizadas.

Para mayor información, ver:

Causas:

Las convulsiones tonicoclónicas generalizadas se pueden presentar en personas de cualquier edad. Pueden ocurrir una sola vez (episodio único) o como parte de una afección crónica y repetitiva (epilepsia).

Síntomas:

Muchos pacientes con convulsiones tonicoclónicas generalizadas tienen cambios visuales, gustativos, olfativos o sensoriales, alucinaciones o vértigo antes de una convulsión, lo cual se denomina aura.

Las convulsiones generalmente involucran rigidez muscular, seguida por contracciones musculares violentas y pérdida de la lucidez mental (conciencia). Otros síntomas que ocurren durante la convulsión pueden abarcar:

Después de la convulsión, la persona puede presentar:

  • Respiración normal.
  • Somnolencia que dura una hora o más.
  • Pérdida de la memoria (amnesia) frente a sucesos cercanos al episodio de la convulsión.
  • Dolor de cabeza.
  • Somnolencia.
  • Confusión.
  • Debilidad de un lado del cuerpo durante unos minutos hasta unas cuantas horas después de la convulsión (denominada parálisis de Todd).

Para mayor información acerca del diagnóstico y tratamiento, ver:

  • Reviewed last on: 2/17/2011
  • Joseph V. Campellone, M.D., Division of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Duvivier EH, Pollack Jr CV. Seizures. In: Marx, JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009: chap 100.

Kornblau DH, Conway Jr EE, Caplen SM. Neurologic Disorders. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2009: chap 173.

Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth G, et al. Practice parameter: evaluating an apparent unprovoked first seizure in adults (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2007;69:1991-2007.

Schachter SC. Seizure disorders. Med Clin North Am. March 2009;93(2).

Trescher WH, Lesser RP. The Epilepsies. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jakovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008: chap 71.

Walker SP, Permezel M, Berkovic SF. The management of epilepsy in pregnancy. BJOG. 2009;116(6):758-67.

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