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Mononeurapatía por compresión del III par craneal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Parálisis del tercer nervio craneal; Parálisis oculomotora; Parálisis del tercer nervio craneal que involucra la pupila

Definición:

La mononeuropatía del III par craneal es un problema con el funcionamiento del tercer par craneal, que causa visión doble y caída del párpado.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La mononeuropatía por compresión del III par craneal es un tipo de mononeuropatía, lo cual significa que sólo un nervio resulta afectado. En este caso, afecta el tercer par craneal (nervio oculomotor), uno de los nervios craneales que controlan el movimiento del ojo. Una inflamación o tumores locales pueden comprimir y causar daño al nervio.

Las causas pueden abarcar:

  • Aneurismas cerebrales
  • Infecciones
  • Vasos sanguíneos mal formados (malformaciones vasculares)
  • Trombosis sinusal
  • Daño al tejido por pérdida del flujo sanguíneo (infarto)
  • Traumatismo (por lesión craneal o causado accidentalmente durante una cirugía)
  • Tumores u otras neoplasias (especialmente tumores localizados en la base del cerebro y la hipófisis)

En raras ocasiones, las personas con migraña pueden presentar un problema temporal con el nervio oculomotor, probablemente debido a un espasmo de los vasos sanguíneos. En algunos casos, no se puede encontrar la causa.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/15/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Baloh RW. Neuro-ophthalmology. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 450.

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