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Hemorragia subaracnoidea - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Hemorragia en el espacio subaracnoideo

Definición:

Es un sangrado en el área comprendida entre el cerebro y los delgados tejidos que lo cubren, llamada espacio subaracnoideo.

Causas:

La hemorragia subaracnoidea puede ser causada por:

La hemorragia subaracnoidea relacionada con una lesión a menudo se observa en los ancianos que han tenido caídas y se han golpeado en la cabeza. Entre los jóvenes, la lesión más común que lleva a una hemorragia subaracnoidea es un choque automovilístico.

La hemorragia subaracnoidea causada por un aneurisma cerebral que se abre (ruptura) ocurre en aproximadamente 40 a 50 de cada 100,000 personas de más de 30 años. La hemorragia subaracnoidea debido a la ruptura de un aneurisma cerebral es muy común en personas de edades comprendidas entre 20 y 60 años y es ligeramente más frecuente en las mujeres que en los hombres.

Los riesgos abarcan:

  • Aneurisma en otros vasos sanguíneos
  • Displasia fibromuscular (DFM) y otros trastornos del tejido conectivo
  • Hipertensión arterial
  • Antecedentes de poliquistosis renal
  • Tabaquismo

Un fuerte antecedente familiar de aneurismas también puede incrementar su riesgo.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/5/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Division of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Selman WR, Hsu D, Tarr RW, Ratcheson RA. Vascular diseases of the nervous system: intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 55C.

Zivin J. Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 432.

Reinhardt MR. Subarachnoid hemorrhoid. J Emerg Nurs. 2010;36(4):327-329.

Rabinstein AA, Lanzino G, Wijdicks EF. Multidisciplinary management and emerging therapeutic strategies in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(4):504-519.

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