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Distrofias musculares de la cintura y extremidades - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Distrofia muscular de cintura escapulohumeral o pélvica (LGMD)

Definición:

Abarcan al menos 18 trastornos hereditarios diferentes, los cuales inicialmente afectan a los músculos alrededor de la cintura escapular y las caderas. Estas enfermedades empeoran y con el tiempo pueden comprometer otros músculos.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Estas distrofias son un gran grupo de enfermedades genéticas en las cuales se presenta debilidad y desgaste del músculo (distrofia muscular).

En la mayoría de los casos, ambos padres deben transmitir el gen no funcional (defectuoso) para que el hijo padezca la enfermedad (trastorno autosómico recesivo). Sin embargo, en algunos tipos raros, sólo uno de los padres necesita transmitir el gen malo para afectar a su hijo (trastorno autosómico dominante). Para algunas de estas afecciones, se ha descubierto el gen defectuoso, pero para otras, el gen aún no se conoce.

El hecho tener un miembro de la familia con distrofia muscular constituye un factor de riesgo importante.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/21/2010
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert MD, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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